Most oscilloscopes have 1 ohm input resistance. This input resistance
is in parallel with the input capacitance. Normally, high-frequency probes
with attenuation factors grater than X1 have adjustable compensation
networks built into them. Adjusting this compensation network provides
the best possible frequency linearity over the oscilloscope's desinged
frequency range. Operating instructions provided with probe explain
how to adjust the compensation network to obtain best signal fidelity.
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Most passive probes have a specification that lists the oscilloscope input capacitance
range over which they can be used. When choosing a passive probe, be sure that the
oscilloscope's input capacitance lies within the probe's compensation range or you will
not be able to adjust the probe to chieve a correctly compensated square wave signal.
Attenuation
Choose the attenuation ratio of the probe (X1, X10, X100, X1000) to match the test signal amplitude to the vertical sensitivity range of the oscilloscope.
Bandwidth
The rated bandwidth of a probe should match the one of oscilloscope and be adequate for the test signal.But at higher frequencies, grounded lead inductance and input capacitance often influence system performance more than probe bandwidth.
Maximum input voltage
To ensure user safety, help protect the oscilloscope input from destructive voltage, and avoid damage to the probe, select a probe that is rated for a higher voltage than the signal you intend to test.
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